Symptoms of Bipolar Psychosis

Symptoms of Bipolar Psychosis Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Symptoms of Bipolar Psychosis By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 18, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Glen Perotte Collection/Photographers Choice/Getty Images More than half of people living with bipolar disorder will experience at least one symptom of psychosis over the course of their lives.?? Psychosis is defined as the loss of contact with reality, during which time a person cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is imagined. Symptoms include delusions (believing something that is not real) and/or hallucinations (seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, or tasting something that is not real).?? Psychosis usually accompanies episodes of extreme mania in persons with bipolar I disorder (the more severe form of the disease). While less common, it can also happen to people with bipolar II disorder. Psychosis is also a feature seen with other types of mental illness, including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Certain physical illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, brain tumors, and stroke can also trigger a psychotic episode, and it can even be an extreme feature of postpartum depression. Symptoms Within the context of bipolar disorder, there is no clear understanding of what causes psychosis.?? While people will often refer to it as a psychotic break, the reality is that a psychotic episode usually develops slowly over time. Early Warning Signs of Psychosis Some early warning signs of psychosis include:Consistently worrying about grades or job performanceStruggling to concentrate or think clearlyHaving unwarranted suspiciousness of othersFailure to keep up with personal hygieneWithdrawing from friends and familyExperiencing strong, inappropriate feelings or no feelings at all Getting help for psychosis sooner rather than later can make the recovery process faster and easier, so early indicators should not be ignored. That said, people close to the individual experience psychosis are usually the ones to detect these symptoms. People experiencing psychosis will typically appear incoherent and completely unaware of how extreme their behavior has become. In terms of symptoms, they are typically classified as being either mood-congruent or mood-incongruent: Mood-Congruent Symptoms The hallucinations and/or delusions match the persons mood. The hallucinations may be contextualized by a persons delusions. The underlying belief that youre being spied on can manifest with imagined sounds or voices from the next room. Mood-Incongruent Symptoms A persons mood does not match the hallucination and/or delusion. People will often believe that there are voices telling them what to do or that they are being influenced by some unseen force. Episodes are considered serious and will more often than not require hospitalization. Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder Understanding Delusions Delusions?? are false beliefs that a person believes are true. Previously referred to as paranoid disorder, delusions are characterized by episodes that are either bizarre (something beyond the realm of possibility) or non-bizarre (things that are within the realm of possibility). Examples of bizarre illusions include being abducted by aliens or having a CIA tracking device in your head. Non-bizarre delusions, by contrast, often manifest with claims of being poisoned, followed, or loved from afar. Unlike hallucinations, delusions can often seem perfectly normal in casual situations. Psychotic delusions are typically clustered around one or several of the following themes: Jealousy, usually related to a loved ones infidelityGrandiosity, characterized by an inflated sense of self-worthErotomaniaâ€"the belief that someone important loves youPersecution, in which you believe others plan to do you harmSomatic delusions, by which you believe you are ill or have a physical defect Delusions Occurring in Bipolar Disorder Understanding Hallucinations Hallucinations?? are characterized by physical sensations that are not real. With regards to bipolar disorder, this may be caused by an extreme manic episode combined with extreme sleep deprivation (the latter of which can also cause hallucinations in people who dont have bipolar). Hallucinations dont just involve perceptions, but actual sensations involving one or more of the five senses. They can be classified as: Visual hallucinationsAuditory hallucinations, such as hearing voices that arent thereOlfactory hallucinations, involving smellsTactile hallucinations, such as feeling bugs crawling all over youTaste hallucinations How Do You Know If Youre Having Hallucinations? Is Psychosis Dangerous? The word psychosis can be scary for some people, suggesting the affected person is likely to inflict self-harm or cause harm to others. While this is possible, particularly in cases of severe mood-incongruent psychosis, episodes are usually more troubling than dangerous. If you or someone you know is experiencing thoughts of self-harm or harming others, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255, or dial 911. A Word From Verywell With a holistic approach to treatment of bipolar psychosisâ€"including psychotherapy, medication, and social supportâ€"most people can fully recover and return to their normal life without further incident. While bipolar disorder cannot be cured in the traditional sense, with proper diagnosis and treatment, symptoms of the disease can be successfully controlled over the long term. Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Leadership Essay - 1625 Words

Running head: LEADERSHIP ESSAY Leadership Essay Sharon Golston Grand Canyon University Theories of Leadership CHL-520 P Clifford Eason December 12, 2011 Leadership Essay Thousands of definitions have been written to identify characteristics that effective leaders should possess; however it is impossible for leaders to be effective if they are unable to understand that true leaders are called by Christ, are servants to Christ, and must seek the vision of Christ. Through Christ, leaders recognize and address the needs of their followers by elevating and empowering them, and will inevitably fail if they allow themselves to simply rule and not consider the moral and ethical implication of their work (Burns, 2003). This essay will examine†¦show more content†¦Overcoming ever-changing technology and managing diverse work forces. Leaders complain that cutting-edge communication technology often takes away time needed to think and reflect on decisions. At the touch of a finger questions and answers can be sent, reports can be generated and one-on-one communication can be established virtually anywhere in the world. Perhaps what these leaders are re ally saying is that they are resisting change. Technology is here to stay and leaders have to get on board and become proficient in it’s use because many of the people that are being led are very proficient in the latest I pads, IPods, cell phones, email, Skype, and many other forms of communication. If a leader is being pounded with so many messages that the thought process is being impaired, I suggest turning off your I Pad and taking time out to speak with Jesus, lest we allow anything or anybody to separate us from hearing and understanding what Jesus intends for us to do. Taylor Cox suggests that the core of modern organizational leadership is managing diversity (Blackaby amp; Blackaby, 2001). No longer can leaders expect that their entire team will share their cultural values, worldviews, or perspectives. This problem is not specific to secular organizations but is emerging in theShow MoreRelatedLeadership Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership is one of the main ar eas of study nowadays. A number of books, articles, and research papers are written on this discipline and we receive much information about this. Leadership is a relationship between leaders and followers, and building this relationship requires an appreciation for the personal values of those who would be willing to give their ener ¬gy and talents to accomplish shared objectives. Transformational leadership and leader-member exchange are popular theories in the leadershipRead MoreLeadership Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Essay Do I possess the traits and behaviors associated with leadership? If not, can I now learn how to be a leader at this stage of my life? What kind of leader am I? Is that the kind of leader I want to be? What do my superiors, co-workers, friends, and family think of my leadership style and ability? Why am I sometimes uncomfortable talking about myself as a leader? Working my way through the text, interviewing colleagues, and checking into other resources, I can form a personal pictureRead MoreLeadership Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership In the changing business environment, leaders of all organisations may face unprecedented uncertainty, especially the technology advancement and changes among the employees. To survive and succeed, leaders should have some necessary attributes. Meanwhile, some changes for leadership skills have to be made to confront the challenges. Two reports( Ladkin amp; Weber 2011; Cappelli et al. 2010) and a reflection (Useem 2010) discuss current business leadership issues in a global businessRead More Leadership Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership New Aspects of Leadership A significant part of effective leadership is the close connection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leader’s mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship cannot be created according to some simple formula. Without inspiration, involvement, and encouragement from both participants, the relationship suffers. Leaders, in particular, must give an extra effort to reach out to followers in order to initiateRead More Leadership Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership comes in many different forms but they all are heading toward the same goal; and that is to communicate with people. Some people are silent leaders and lead by example some are more vocal. Nevertheless, whatever type of leader you are, there are certain criteria that must be met. For example being a good role model, being dependable, being trust worthy, these are all things that a true leader must possess. However, all leaders have their strengths and weaknes s and these are a few areasRead MoreLeadership Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership certainly isn’t gained by election or appointment. Having position, title, rank, or degrees doesn’t qualify anyone to lead other people. And the ability doesn’t come automatically from age or experience.† (Maxwell-Right, 7) The key to becoming a successful leader is not by focusing on making other people follow you, but by becoming a person that they desire to follow. â€Å"A leader is great not because of his or her power, but because of his or her ability to empower others.† (Maxwell-21)Read More Leadership Essay534 Words   |  3 Pages leadership Getting To Know Yourself What is encouraged in being a good leader? After doing the exercise in the context that dealt with the study of leadership traits and characteristics that was done by Kirkpatrick and Locke, I found some of the importance of leadership traits. Knowing the importance is only one step in getting to know yourself. Its also being able to use the leadership traits in ways that make you more able to lead. Finding what it really takes to be a successful leaderRead More Leadership Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership I feel that the most important leadership trait in your business life is forming good relationships. You must form a good relationship with people in order to become a leader. If you build on a broken relationship then you will not gain that persons trust and they will not want to follow you. If you build a good relationship with someone then trust, respect, credibility and many other traits will also be part of your leadership style. A leader must be some one that can be trustedRead MoreEssay on Leadership1121 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a lot of debate on the differences between leadership and management. In the sports profession there are both leaders and managers. Which positions historically lead and which positions do more managing? With this thought in mind, add your comments to the questions listed below in the discussion section. Feel free to add to existing comments. Leadership and Management Which positions (jobs) in the sports profession do individuals do more leading than managing? Which individualsRead MoreLeadership Style Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Essay, A.P.A 1000 word essay The leadership style combination between autocratic leadership and empowerment leadership would give the futuristic cutting edge per se, to create a diversified ultimate decision making policy. Autocratic leadership, which is a style that leaders who make decisions on their own without consulting employees enjoy and empowerment, which is a practice in which managers lead employees by sharing power, responsibility, and decision making with them (Boone, L. E

Two Gallants Essay - 1216 Words

Two Gallants A short story by James Joyce published in his 1914 collection Dubliners. Two men, Lenehan and Corley, are walking the streets of central Dublin on a Sunday evening. Corley dominates the conversation telling Lenehan about a girl he has recently seduced, a maid who works for a wealthy family. He brags about how the girl supplies him with cigars and cigarettes, which she steals from the family. Corley considers his relationship with this girl superior compared to when he used to ask women out and spend money on them. The two men have arranged a meeting with the maid, where the aim is to convince the maid to bring them money, stolen from her employees. Corley has a date with the girl later that evening, and before he leaves†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"He spoke without listening to his companions. His conversation was mainly about himself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Corley is talking and bragging about himself throughout the entire conversation, with Lenehan as his audience. Lenehan keeps answering Corley with a clichà ©, which reinforces his lack of interest. A nd despite their long-term friendship, they still don’t trust each other. They both suspect each other for betrayal in the story. In the end of the story the two men are rewarded with what they desired, the gold coin. The two gallants have sold out love. They don’t want either love or sex from a girl. Instead they seek a girl who will supply and support them. They are in fact the complete opposite of how one imagines a gallant. â€Å"Two Gallants† was both provoking and shocking in the time it was written, the fact that Joyce refused to change any details in the story was partly the reason for the delayed publication of Dubliners[1]. James Joyce has no interest in showing Dublin in a good light. In â€Å"Two Gallants† he shows us the reality of young aimless women and men, and nothing is romanticized. His short story seems truly realistic, because of his vivid descriptions of the characters, city and ambiance. Combined with that, Joyce’s constant naming of exciting streets and corners makes the story even more realistic and hereby even more provoking. I don’t believe that â€Å"Two Gallants† is an example of two unique inhabitants of Dublin. To me itShow MoreRelatedTwo Gallants Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesTwo Gallants A short story by James Joyce published in his 1914 collection Dubliners. Two men, Lenehan and Corley, are walking the streets of central Dublin on a Sunday evening. Corley dominates the conversation telling Lenehan about a girl he has recently seduced, a maid who works for a wealthy family. He brags about how the girl supplies him with cigars and cigarettes, which she steals from the family. 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The construction, style, and word choiceRead More No Ordinary Sun Rain by Hone Tuwhare Essay746 Words   |  3 Pages Essay Question: Discuss the ways in which symbols and figurative language (imagery) are used to develop themes in at least two poems you have studied. *No Ordinary Sun amp; Rain, by Hone Tuwhare* Hone Tuwhare uses symbols and figurative language to develop themes in his poetry. Tuwhare’s strength is his ability to use effective imagery and symbols to develop persistent ideas that, in the poetry I studied this year, relate to the purity and beauty of natural things. Rain, an apostrophe to a â€Å"rainRead MoreA Study On The Work Of A Teacher At Harvard University Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagessaid Tricia Bertram Gallant( she is the author of Creating the Ethical Academy and director of the academic integrity office at the University of California at San Diego. ) â€Å"Thirty, 40 years ago, the parent would come in and grab the kid by the ear, yell at him and drag him home.†Educators tell tales of students who grew up taking for granted not only that their highly involved parents would help with schoolwork but that the â€Å"help† would strain the definition of the word. Ms. Gallant recalled givingRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Alaskan Env ironment Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesArctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska s environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska s natives and the melting permafrost. It will then finally address whoRead MoreEssay Contrasting Speeches of Brutus and Mark Antony742 Words   |  3 PagesESSAY CONTRASTING SPEECHES OF BRUTUS AND MARK ANTONY Both Brutus and Mark Antony have two entirely different purposes and agendas in each of their speeches to the Roman citizens. Brutus aim is to convince the throng of restless Romans that Rome has been saved thanks to the gallant conspirators for slaying the avaricious, power-hungry, Caesar. However, Antony, a loyal friend of Caesars, wants to show Brutus and the conspirators for what they really are: nothing but savage murderers who killedRead MoreGothic Literature Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesGothic Literature Comparative Essay In the movie ‘Coraline ‘ and the texts ‘The Red Room’, ‘The Yellow Wallpaper†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘Northanger Abbey’, there are many aspects of gothic literature present, gothic literature is used to create mystery and a sense of something odd to come. Coraline is a movie about a young girl who discovers a parallel universe in the new house she moved into, The Red Room is about a supposedly haunted room, Northanger Abbey is about a girl who is spending some time in an oldRead MoreTheme Of Chivalry In The Knights Tale884 Words   |  4 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s romantic poem â€Å"The Knight’s Tale† chronicles the adventures of two ancient Greek knights and their quest to win the affection of Emily, a beautiful noblewoman. Bound to uphold the chivalric code of loyalty and honor of the time, Palamon and Arcite discover themselves at odds with their noble ideals as they battle one another in pursuit of love. Unable to reco ncile the knight’s oath of honor with their obsessive and selfish desires, the actions of Chaucer’s main characters failRead MoreGender Stereotypes In Disney1711 Words   |  7 Pages Yet, is the Disney Princess brand harmful to young children due to gender stereotypes? Two essays that contemplate the Disney Princess brand and gender stereotypes with opposite viewpoints on this controversial issue are â€Å"Girls on Film: The Real Problem with the Disney Princess Brand† by writer Monika Bartyzel and â€Å"In Defense of Princess Culture† by writer and mother Crystal Liechty. However, Liechty’s essay â€Å"In Defense of Princess Culture,† is the most effective article in convincing the audienceRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin, By Harriet Beecher Stowe1494 Words   |  6 Pageshave shaped their lives and identities today. In Christian Nhering essay, she displays her personal views on how the American essays have taken a downfall (Nhering 1), they’re no longer bold, and daring, instead tranquil and boring. Throughout her essay she is arguing with essayist that they need to be embolden, and embolden one another to write stories out of the ordinary. (Nhering 7) In her review Nhering establishes how gallant Laura Kipnis recent volume â€Å"The Female Thing: Dirt, Sex, and Envy†

The Versailles Treaty Free Essays

Climbing from the Versailles Treaty The Versailles Treaty was commissioned by Great Britain, France, and a defeated Germany. Together they hoped the treaty would stabilize Europe and guarantee another world war would never happen again. However, just over two decades later, once again war engulfed Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Versailles Treaty or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, is it logical that the question be asked; how did the Versailles Treaty help cause World War II? The treaty put much punishment on Germany by territory losses, major military restrictions, economical reparations, and the War Guilt Clause. World War II was one of the greatest wars of all time. One of the components that led up to this was German territorial losses. These losses included the Polish Corridor, Danzig, Alsace Lorraine, and a piece of Denmark. Out of these the Polish Corridor and Danzig impaired Germany the most because by taking the Polish Corridor it split the country into two parts, cutting some people away from their families. Also, the loss of Danzig, a major port city, as well as the loss of big coal-producing territories, greatly diminished the German economy. This reduced the German coal-production by forty percent. The people that in habituated these lost areas would have a hard life becoming accustomed to the new rule and being told that they were no longer considered a part of Germany. The peoples had resentment for the new power along with a lack of loyalty, and being discriminated against. Hitler suggests that Germans should respond to the Versailles Treaty with blood shad and valance. He says â€Å". . . No nation can remove this hand from its throat except by the sword. (DOC A) (DOC B) According to article 160 of the Versailles Treaty, the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry by no later than March 31, 1920. After the passing of this date the total number of German military troops must not exceed one hundred thousand men, this total includes officers. Also, the total effective strength of officers, which includes the personnel of staffs, must not go over four thousand. This article continues with the role in which the army should play. The army should be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order and peace within the territory and to the control of the German frontiers. When the regulations were put into force, Germany’s Army weakened. France became the superior military force. Thus, making the Germans feel insecure about themselves and their protection. These insecurities felt by the Germans from the military restrictions, added to World War II, by making them feel less in control. The damage done during World War I was very severe and the victorious countries wanted this damage to be paid for by Germany in the aftermath. The Versailles Treaty required Germany to agree that she will make compensation for all the damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated powers. This also included their property, during the period of the belligerency (DOC C #1). The reparations that are to be made by Germany were determined by an Inter-Allied Commission, who is to consider the claims and give Germany the opportunity to defend its self. Article 233 states, â€Å"The Commission shall draw up a schedule of payments prescribing the time and manner for securing and discharging the entire obligations within a period of thirty years from May 1, 1921. † The amount of reparations set was 132 billion gold marks or $367 billion at the value in 2010. This angered and humiliated the Germans who paid very little of the reparations in the 1920s. The amounts were reduced in 1929 (from 1921) to 112 billion gold marks or $341 billion. Within the next three years the Germans paid only two billion gold marks (this does not include American Loans) (DOC C # 2). The treaty also states that if Germany fails to meet its obligations any remaining unpaid balance may be postponed for future payment or can be handled in another manner, that will be determined by the Allied and Associated Government affirm. Article 231 of the Versailles Treaty, also referred to as the War Guilt Clause, forced Germany to accept the responsibility that they alone caused World War I and that it was their duty to pay reparations to the Allied and Associated Governments affirm(DOC D # 1). This clause was the justification for reparations. The Germans, on the other hand, saw this treaty, â€Å"as an atrocious injustice, an evil thing which must be destroyed. † (DOC D # 2) The knowledge of the treaty was embedded into the minds of the Germans, and only one word can describe how they felt: humiliation. This is why German enthusiasm, arising from the Nazi regiment, came from the way Hitler resurrected Germany from the ashes of World War I. He restored their sense of pride, and their sense of self respect, making the world look at German anew. Although, the Versailles Treaty was a major component in the start of the Second World War, there were many other components that added to the ignition of the war. The Versailles Treaty alone was the most influential because it caused anger and humiliation throughout the German regiment. The treaty itself was supposed to guarantee the prevention of a Second World War, but ended up causing an even bigger uprising than thought, by territorial losses, major military restriction, economical reparations, and the War Guilt Clause. Sources: DOC A: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1924 DOC B: Treaty of Versailles, 1919, Article 160 and German political cartoon, 1920 DOC C # 1: Treaty of Versailles, 1919, Articles 232 and 233 DOC C # 2: Chart complied from varied sources including John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, 1920; Charles Mee, the End of Order: Versailles, 1919 DOC D # 1: Treaty of Versailles, 1919, Article 231 DOC D # 2: Laurence V. Moyer, Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War 1914-1918, 1995 How to cite The Versailles Treaty, Papers

Teens and Part-Time Jobs free essay sample

News   Parenting | |Teens and the Part-time Job: The Pros and Cons of Letting Your High School Student Work By  Sara Richmond Walls It seems like a great idea: your high school student spending a few hours a night at the local grocery store making a few extra bucks. In many ways, it is a win-win situation. They can use the money to help you pay for their college, or to pay for their own gas. Your student, in return, receives the knowledge of responsibility and what it means to earn a dollar.Still, there are pros and cons to letting your high school student spending their time in a part-time job. The Pros As mentioned above, there are several pros to letting your student tackle a part-time job. The first and the most obvious is the slight amount of stress taken off of your wallet. Perhaps you don’t have to pay for their gas anymore, or their i-Tunes downloads. We will write a custom essay sample on Teens and Part-Time Jobs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even if they aren’t making enough to pay their way through college, they are helping take some of the financial burden off of you, specifically for perks like dinner and a movie out with friends.In addition to the added income, there is no doubt that most individuals do not truly appreciate a hard-earned dollar until they’ve earned it themselves. With your student working a part-time job, you can teach him or her the importance of saving, balancing a checkbook, and setting financial goals. They will have a sense of accomplishment with each paycheck, and chances are, they won’t spend their own money the way they’ve been spending yours! The Cons Even though the pros of encouraging your student to work are numerable, there are equally as many cons.The greatest disadvantage to letting your son or daughter out into the work force during their high school years is the overwhelming amount of stress this can cause. Let’s say your student leaves for school at 7:00 and doesn’t get home until 3:30. That is eight and a half hours away from home doing work that would even make your head hurt! (Hey if you don’t believe me, pick up one of your teens algebra books and see if you remember anything about it. ) In a sense, this is a work day for them.Include homework time and the extracurricular activities that colleges love to look at, and you have a 10-11 hour day. Working on top of that may be too much. The second thing you want to consider is what your son or daughter is doing with the money they earn. Are you teaching them the right things by letting them work? Are they saving for college? Fueling up their car? Or are they spending it on frivolous things like CDs and miscellaneous junk that they will end up yard selling ten years down the road?Are you teaching your student the importance of hard work, or are you teaching them that more is better? These are questions that are goi ng to vary with your family and your student. How to Decide? So how do you decide whether or not it is right for you to let your child work?  · First and foremost, does your student want to work? That should be the first thing you consider.  · Second, determine your teens current stress level. Stress can lead to mountains of problems, from weight gain to self esteem issues.

Salutary Neglect in the US Colonies essays

Salutary Neglect in the US Colonies essays Because of Britain's salutary neglect policy, the colonies enjoyed a lot of freedom, which in effect led to the development of American society. The colonies benefited from a lack of heavy British political or economic rule, so they established their legislative assemblies, maintained their commerce, and became a religiously mixed nation. The neglect of Britain forced the colonists to develop a system of self-government, including colonial legislatures, town halls, and a social hierarchy. These establishments managed the nation's commerce which consisted of the Triangular Trade, trade with foreign countries, as well as trade amongst themselves. This salutary neglect also guaranteed a large extent of religious freedom. England was deeply involved in civil wars, and hence the colonists were left with their resources to provide themselves with a form of self-government. One of the earlier examples of self-government was the New England Confederation. Its primary purpose was for protection against the Indians, the French, and the Dutch that the busy English could not provide for them. Although a weak organization, the confederation was the first milestone towards a strong, independent government. The New Englanders were accustomed to this neglect, so they were struck hard when the Dominion of New England was created by royal authority. The dominion was aimed at providing English control over New England but proved futile when the colonists got rebellious fervor from the Glorious Revolution and ran Edmund Andros out of royal office, showing England the extent of their self-government. The benefits of the neglect can further be seen in the fact that the British government refused to pay the royal gover nors at their own expense and forced local legislatures to pay the salaries of their governors. England's lack of attention to its decision proved most useful to the colonists. By controlling the salaries of their royal governors, the colonis...

Living On Campus vs. Off Campus

Living On Campus vs. Off Campus Is your college kid contemplating a move off-campus? The dorm versus apartment, on-campus versus off-campus question,is a common topic for sophomores and juniors. Some colleges offer on-campus apartments as well as dormitory options, but most students start at least thinking about moving off-campus halfway through their college tenure. Here are some things to think about before making this big decision. Cost Dorms tend to be significantly pricier than living in a modest, shared apartment, especially when you take square footage into account. But that $14,000 per year dorm fee generally includes a substantial dining hall allowance. Make sure you remove the food tab from the equation so youre comparing apples and apples, not apples and oranges. And dont forget those other costs of apartment living: utilities, internet, and garbage service. A final caveat: your college kid likely wont qualify for an apartment on his own, so youll need to cosign the lease. Convenience Theres no doubt that living on campus is convenient. Classes are right there. Food is served by the buffet-load. Medical help for even minor issues is moments away. Move off-campus and there will be transportation costs and/or on-campus parking issues. Your kid will need to have at least rudimentary cooking skills. And there wont be an R.A. just down the hall, ready to help. Social Life Dorms are ready-made hubs of sociability. Everyones the same age and going through the same things, and everyone is eager to make friends. Depending on the apartment complex and your college kids level of gregariousness, he or she may find it difficult to meet people and make new friends. That can be a huge issue for freshmen, but not so much for upperclassmen who have already made plenty of friends. Its much easier to meet new people in apartment complexes with attractive common areas - such as a pool, basketball courts, or lounge - and in complexes where college kids make up the majority of the residents. Noise and Privacy In general, apartments are much quieter than dorms, where the steady sounds of partying or merely boisterous neighbors waft through the walls. Apartments tend to be calmer. Theres more room to spread out. Also, your kid wont be sharing a bathroom with ten or 20 other people. Space Bedrooms in an apartment might be even smaller than that tiny dorm room. But unless your child is considering a studio, conversion, or junior one-bedroom, apartments have room to spread out because they will also have a living room and a kitchen. And the bathroom is an actual room in an apartment, not a cubicle. Food Dining hall cuisine may have its detractors, but at least someone is providing three feasts a day. In an apartment, the grocery shopping and cooking is up to your child. That means developing some cooking skills and a recipe repertoire, not to mention budgeting skills. Groceries cost substantially more than dorm dwellers usually realize. Amenities Dorm laundry rooms are open 24/7. Apartments may have limited hours or no on-site laundry at all. Parking is either included in the apartment rent or available for a reasonable cost. And if the apartment complex has a pool, its right there and ready for splashing - not across campus and monopolized by the colleges swim team.